y1 = a1 + b1*x1 + c1*x2 + d1*x3 + u1 y2 = a2 + b2*x1 + c2*x2 + d2*x3 + u2 y3 = a3 + b3*x1 + c3*x2 + d3*x3 + u3 If x1, x2, and x3 are in all three equations (as above) best estimates are just OLS If not all x's in all equations but u1, u2, u3 are uncorrelated, best estimates are just OLS. Otherwise, can do better by using information in the covariance matrix of the u's---generalized least squares (GLS). If, say, b1 = b2 = b3, this constraint can be imposed when the system is estimated by GLS. If the u's are jointly normal, maximum likelihood can be used.