Forecast dated July 25, 2024
For the forecast on this site equation 28 has been dropped, so the variable LUB is exogenous.Solve the Model
SOLVE if you have read the following.Getting Started
Before solving the model you should look overMacroeconometric Modeling: 2018.
Also, read the Preface in
The US Model Workbook, July 25, 2024
and then decide what else you need to read. The following discussion gives details on the solution process.
Forecast Period versus Prediction Period
The phrase "forecast period" is used to refer to the actual forecast period in the base dataset. You may, however, deal with any period within the overall 1952.1-2027.4 period, and the phrase "prediction period" is used to refer to the period you have chosen. The only restriction is that if you are going to solve the model, the prediction period cannot begin earlier than 1954.1.The US Model Datasets
Everything about the model is stored in a single dataset.- values on all the endogenous and exogenous variables from 1952.1 through 2027.4,
- specification information, and
- coefficient estimates.
In many cases one is interested in how the values of the endogenous
variables in NEW
compare to the original values in ZAWBASE. Say that you changed federal
government purchases
of goods (COG) for the forecast period and are interested in how this
change affected real
GDP (GDPR). You can simply tell the program that you want to compare GDPR
in NEW versus
ZAWBASE, and it will show you the two sets of values and the differences.
(Once you do this a few times you will get the hang of it.)
WARNING: If you do this comparison for any period beginning earlier than
the beginning of the forecast period, you must use the option to use
the historical errors. See Section 2.6 in Chapter 2 of
The US Model Workbook, April 25, 2024
for more discussion.
The program is flexible as to what you take as your base dataset. Although the first time you start the base dataset is ZAWBASE, after you have created new ones, you can use any of these as your base. For example, if you created NEW and now want to makes further changes and create NEW1, you simply tell the program that you want NEW as your base dataset. Once you have created NEW1, you can either compare the values in NEW1 with those in NEW or the values in NEW1 with those in ZAWBASE. You do this by simply telling the program which two datasets to use for the comparison.
If you make changes to your dataset and do not ask the program to solve it (which you are allowed to do), the values of the endogenous variables in the dataset are not consistent with your changes because they are not the solution values. Make sure you remember whether your dataset has been solved. As a general rule, you might always solve your datasets immediately after you have made your changes.
Units of the Variables
The flow variables in the US model are at quarterly rates, and unless otherwise noted these are the units on the site. Much of the data presented by the government are at annual rates, and if you want annual rates, just multiply the flow variables by four.Changing the Prediction Period
The default prediction period for the July 28, 2022, version of the model is 2022.3-2025.4. If you want to change this period, you can use the option "Set prediction period." For this option, however, you can only enter years, where the beginning of the prediction period is the first quarter of the first year and the end is the fourth quarter of the last year. If you want a different starting quarter, you can do this by going to the option "Take equations to begin after the beginning of the prediction period" and entering the quarter you want for all of the equations. For example, if you want the beginning to be the second quarter of 2008, you would enter 20082 for all of the equations.The option "Change exogenous variables" does not have the year restriction. You can enter any quarter, like 20082, for the changes.
Solution Errors
If you make wild changes to the exogenous variables or coefficients, the model may not solve. When the model does not solve, you will get a solution error message, and the existing values of the endogenous variables in your dataset will not be changed. (Your dataset will still be inconsistent in the sense discussed above.) You need to be less wild and try again. As a general rule, you should not try to push the economy into extreme areas. Macroeconometric models are not likely to be reliable when variable values are pushed far beyond their historical ranges.Examining the Output
If you change the display period from the default in the output part of the site, you are also restricted to entering only years. This is not, however, much of a restriction, since all you get are a few more quarters displayed than you might optimally want. Remember the base dataset for comparison is ZAWBASE with a password of USBASE.Dataset Names and Storage
The dataset names cannot be longer than EIGHT (8) characters. A common mistake is to use more than eight characters. The datasets are stored on the site's hard drive for about three months. If you want to continue to use a dataset older than three months, simply copy it to a new named dataset, and the latter will be treated as a newly created dataset.Note on some options:
For some options you may need to hit the back space arrow on your browser one or two times once you have made any changes to get back to the main page. Doing this will not erase your changes.Solve the US Model
SOLVESolve the US Model---RS endogenous
SOLVE---RS endogenous
Note for the January 27, 2022, forecast
This forecast is used as a benchmark for the paperA Note on the Fed's Power to Lower Inflation.
You can duplicate Table 3 in this paper by doing the following: 1) create a data set, 2) ask to change exogenous variable values and then choose RS, 3) add 1.0 to RS for all the quarters, 4) save changes and then solve. You can also duplicate Table 4 by typing in the new values for RS for each quarter, which are 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and then 7.0 for the rest. Then save changes and solve. The difference between the solution value and the base value for each variable and quarter is the effect of the change in RS.
For this forecast equations 25, 28, and 30 have been dropped, so the variables CGZ, LUB, and RS are exogenous,